{"id":5853,"date":"2014-05-02T11:47:20","date_gmt":"2014-05-02T11:47:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/5853\/"},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"5853","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/5853\/","title":{"rendered":"\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8"},"content":{"rendered":"

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XIX \u10e1. \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 1917 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 _ \u10d0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 47 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d7.<\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. XII-XIII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d0\u10d0\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. XVII \u10e1. \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 1801 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8-\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

3. 1840-1917 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db XII \u10e1. \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4, XIII-XVII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1 \u10f0\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 _ \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8, \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10e3\u10ee\u10e3\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8-\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e3\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 XII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 XII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 (\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1) \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 XVIII \u10e1. \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc _ \u10d1\u10d4\u10d8\u10d1\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e3\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d1\u10d4\u10d8\u10d1\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1 XVII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 _ \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10dc 1802 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 21 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da \u10d9\u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 1714 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10d3\u10d2\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d8\u10d1\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. «\u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ed\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e1\u10ef\u10d8\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 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«\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd-\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8».<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ed\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1) \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1: «\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1 5 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0: 1. \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd (\u10d1\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0; 2. \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7, \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10df\u10dd (\u10e0\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4); \u10db\u10d4-3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4-4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10ef\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d6\u10d4\u10d8\u10d3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0-\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10da \u10d9\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1; \u10db\u10d4-5 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0. \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8».<\/span><\/p>\n

\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0, \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d3, 1801 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8. \u10e9\u10ee\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7: «\u10d0\u10e5 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e3\u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10d3 _ \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10e1. \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 XVIII \u10e1. \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10dd \u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10d7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8…»<\/span><\/p>\n

\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db, \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3. \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, XVII-XVIII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 (\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0-\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd, \u10d1\u10d4\u10d8\u10d1\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0). \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 XIX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10ea, \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 (XVI \u10e1.) \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8, \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: «\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e5 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 «\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8» \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc…»<\/span><\/p>\n

1629 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0: «\u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d0».<\/span><\/p>\n

\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d8 1745 \u10ec. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4: «\u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d4\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 _ \u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 _ \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8…»<\/span><\/p>\n

1770 \u10ec. \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1: «…\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10ee\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e5 \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc… \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc…»<\/span><\/p>\n

\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e1\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 XIX \u10e1. \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 XX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. 1860 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0:<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

XIX \u10e1. \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 1917 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 _ \u10d0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 47 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d7. \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7: 1. XII-XIII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d0\u10d0\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8; 2. XVII \u10e1. \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 1801 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8-\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8; 3. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15853,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5853","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5853","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5853"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5853\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}