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<\/strong><strong>\u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d7\u10e3<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0, \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d7\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 1940-1945 \u10ec\u10ec. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10da\u10dc \u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0. \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u10e5\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7\u201d <strong>(<\/strong><strong>\u10da<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5. \u10d9.\u10de.(\u10d1) \u10ea\u10d9-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8, 1934 \u10ec.) <strong>\u10e5\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong> 60%-<\/strong><strong>\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. 1911 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong><strong>, 1913 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea<\/strong> <strong>\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. 1937 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><strong> 1937 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong><strong> 40-<\/strong><strong>\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> (\u201c\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044a\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b \u0421\u0421\u0420 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0438\u201d, 1933, \u10d2\u10d5.59-75). \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d9-\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db, \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d8\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10e1<\/strong><strong> _ <\/strong><strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10e1\u10e3\u10d1\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong>), <\/strong><strong>\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e3\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d1\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 <strong>\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong><strong> 14 <\/strong><strong>\u10d9\u10db<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong><strong>) <\/strong><strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10e3\u10da \u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d0\u10e8\u10e8) \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e1. \u10e5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 1926 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e9\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10ef\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. 1927-1937 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 6-\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d8\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 _ \u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 (\u10d6\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0), \u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 (\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e3\u10e9\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8, \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d2\u10d6\u10dd \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d1\u10dd\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong> \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10dd \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. 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\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd, \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd (\u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10e0\u10d0\u10ed\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8) \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4 \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10e0\u10d0\u10ed\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd. \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u201c\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d3, \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u201d (\u10d9. \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8). 1935 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd <strong>\u10dd\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 (\u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5.). 1946-1950 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e8\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e2\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_50332\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-50332\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50332\" src=\"http:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/stal21-marganeci.jpg\" alt=\"\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\" width=\"630\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/stal21-marganeci.jpg 630w, https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/stal21-marganeci-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/stal21-marganeci-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/stal21-marganeci-420x420.jpg 420w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-50332\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e1\u10e0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0. \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd, \u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea, \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0) \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7. \u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd 1849 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10da\u10e3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 1879 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10de\u10dd\u10d4\u10e2 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10e1. 1939 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 <strong>\u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong> 60 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong>) <\/strong><strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db<\/strong><strong> (1855 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec<\/strong><strong>.). <\/strong><strong>\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10da\u10e3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong>. \u10db\u10d4-19 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 80-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 90-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 35-40%-\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db 1918 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 1,59%-\u10db\u10d3\u10d4, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd 1921 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0. \u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 98% \u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7. 1900-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 45-50%-\u10e1. \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 125 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d3\u10d0. <strong>\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0<\/strong><strong> \u201c<\/strong><strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><strong>\u201d <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong><strong> \u201c<\/strong><strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><strong>\u201d <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10ea<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d5\u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. 1925 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0 <strong>\u10e3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10f0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> (\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10da\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10da \u10f0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0) \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da \u10e4\u10d8\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0: \u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10ec\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4, \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 _ \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0; \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 1928 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. 1928 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0, \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10f0\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd-\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e1. \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd 95%-\u10d8\u10d7. \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d8\u10e1\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8, \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0. \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d1\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db. <strong>\u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d4<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><strong>\u10d8<\/strong><strong>., 1928 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong><strong> 1941 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0<\/strong><strong> 14 <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><strong> 49%-<\/strong><strong>\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea<\/strong><strong> 34 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10db<\/strong><strong> 1926 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong><strong> 16-<\/strong><strong>\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> 1937 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10db 1 650 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d8\u10d0. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e1\u10e1\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0. 1934 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 100%-\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 1941 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 1928 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 161,5%-\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 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\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0; \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10da-\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0. \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd 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\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 30 \u10db\u10da\u10dc \u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-50334\" src=\"http:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/kir-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/kir-1.jpg 450w, https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/kir-1-300x197.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_50333\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-50333\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50333\" src=\"http:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/kir-2.jpg\" alt=\"\u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 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\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd, \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 (\u201c\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u201d) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4, \u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10db\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 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(\u10da.\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5. \u10d9\u10de(\u10d1) \u10ea\u10d9-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u201d, 1934 \u10ec., \u10d2\u10d5.34). \u10d9\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10ed\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 1935 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d7\u10e3\u10ef-\u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10db\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd<\/strong><strong> 26 <\/strong><strong>\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><strong>), <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea<\/strong><strong> 1921 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10e4\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10dd\u10e0\u10ef\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d3\u10d0, \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e3\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10dd\u10e0\u10ef\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 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\u10f0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":50331,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50330"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50330\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50335,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50330\/revisions\/50335"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}