{"id":35888,"date":"2018-11-15T12:20:09","date_gmt":"2018-11-15T08:20:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/?p=35888"},"modified":"2018-11-15T12:20:09","modified_gmt":"2018-11-15T08:20:09","slug":"avchala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/avchala\/","title":{"rendered":"\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ed\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong><strong>, XI <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong> 80-<\/strong><strong>\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d6\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc<\/strong><strong>. IX-XI <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, XII-XIII <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong><strong> _ <\/strong><strong>\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, 1962 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10da\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10dc\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10db\u10d0 \u201c\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u201d \u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10d9\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1. \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10e1 \u10f0\u10d2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5 \u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db, \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc \u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u201c\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u201d, \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10dd\u10d3, \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0. \u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_35890\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35890\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35890\" src=\"http:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/969357_178764465631295_1511.jpg\" alt=\"\u10ec\u10db. \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10ed\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\" width=\"640\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/969357_178764465631295_1511.jpg 640w, https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/969357_178764465631295_1511-300x197.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-35890\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u10ec\u10db. \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10ed\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>XVIII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 1724 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d1\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4-\u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7, \u10e1\u10e3\u10da 12. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc 11 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4. \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d0-\u10e6\u10dd\u10e0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d3, \u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e5\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4 _ 15 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8. \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 (\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8) \u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e0\u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10da\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10e3 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 V \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 (1658-1676) \u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 _ \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8-\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0-\u10e6\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10da\u10d4-\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d1\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1, \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d0. 1887 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_35891\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35891\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35891\" src=\"http:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/wm.-qetevanis-taZari.jpg\" alt=\"\u10ec\u10db. \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\" width=\"640\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/wm.-qetevanis-taZari.jpg 640w, https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/wm.-qetevanis-taZari-300x197.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-35891\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u10ec\u10db. \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>XVIII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 (\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4) \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d8\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10ea. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 XIX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 _ XX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 50-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 1735 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10dd\u10e6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong> \u201c<\/strong><strong>\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4<\/strong><strong>\u201d, <\/strong><strong>\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong><strong> _ \u201c<\/strong><strong>\u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0<\/strong><strong>\u201d, <\/strong><strong>\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea<\/strong><strong> XVIII <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10e9\u10dd\u10e6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong><strong> _ <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0: \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 _ \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 _ \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5. \u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u201c\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u201d _ \u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. XII-XIII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da \u10e0\u10d8\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 1940 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10da \u10d4\u10d3-\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d0, \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1. \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0. \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0 \u10db\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>XVII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10db\u10d0 \u10dc\u10e3\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 (\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1) \u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d9\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10d2\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db XVII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u201c\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1\u201d \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d9\u10da\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10e4\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10db\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0 \u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4. 1742 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 7 \u10d8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1, \u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10db\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d6\u10db\u10d0. \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0. \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u201c\u10d0\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e6\u10d0\u10db\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e7\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0. \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1, \u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0, \u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d2 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0\u201d. \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee \u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0. \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 1990 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1. \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 2001 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 7 \u10d8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8. 1994 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e5 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ec\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd<\/strong><strong> _ <\/strong><strong>\u10d6\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10ea\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d6\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10e5<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10da\u10dd\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d8\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10db. \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8. \u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4, \u10db\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8. 21 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1. \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8: \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10ec\u10db \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d8\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10ec\u10db. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e6\u10d5\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u201c\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db \u10e6\u10e0\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10ef\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10db\u10e3\u10da \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1; \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10e7\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10d6\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u201c\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u201d \u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea XVIII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10da\u10dd\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd 1999 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 31 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1, \u10e6\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10d2\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d6\u10d4. \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4. \u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10e1, 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\u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10da \u10e6\u10d5\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u2013 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd 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