{"id":34381,"date":"2018-08-02T11:38:35","date_gmt":"2018-08-02T07:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/?p=34381"},"modified":"2018-08-02T11:38:35","modified_gmt":"2018-08-02T07:38:35","slug":"%e1%83%97%e1%83%90%e1%83%95%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1%e1%83%a3%e1%83%a4%e1%83%9a%e1%83%94%e1%83%91%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%9b%e1%83%9d%e1%83%94%e1%83%93%e1%83%90%e1%83%9c%e1%83%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/%e1%83%97%e1%83%90%e1%83%95%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1%e1%83%a3%e1%83%a4%e1%83%9a%e1%83%94%e1%83%91%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%9b%e1%83%9d%e1%83%94%e1%83%93%e1%83%90%e1%83%9c%e1%83%98\/","title":{"rendered":"\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>1825 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd<\/strong><strong> 1827 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8<\/strong><strong>. 1828-1829 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><strong> \u2013 <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong><strong>. 1828 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong> _ <\/strong><strong>\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1851 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0<\/strong><strong> 1856 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong> _ <\/strong><strong>\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1918 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d6\u10d0\u10d9\u10e4\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong><strong>) <\/strong><strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10e4\u10e1\u10e0<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd<\/strong><strong>), <\/strong><strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10d8<\/strong><strong> _ <\/strong><strong>\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong><strong> (1953 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4<\/strong><strong>). 1991 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2<\/strong> <strong>\u10d6\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><strong> _ <\/strong><strong>\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1. \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d7\u10e3 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10da \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d4\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 (\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e6\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e3\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e5 \u10d9\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1, \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d1\u10ed\u10d4 \u10d9\u10dd\u10ef\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0: \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 (\u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d6\u10d4), \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10ef\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>XIX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 _ \u10de\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4, XVII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0. \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10da\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 1724 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 XVIII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 80-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e5 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10de\u10d8\u10e8\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1 1785 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10df\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e5 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 (\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8) \u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d3\u10d0. \u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e3\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc. \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e6\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10d9\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8. \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d8, \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 1824-1825 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u201d (\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u201c\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u201d) \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 (\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e3\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4). \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10dd. \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u201c\u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u201d. \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 1934 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1, \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>1847-1851 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 (\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8). \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 (\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8; \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5. \u10ef\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d9\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8). \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n<p>1850 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7 \u201c\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8\u201d \u10d5\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d7: \u201c26 \u10d8\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1, \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 5 \u10e1\u10d7-\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10db\u10d0, \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0 \u10eb\u10e0\u10dd\u10ee\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10d5\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u201d. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc (\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d0), \u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10ed\u10dd\u10dc\u10e5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1), \u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e8\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1), \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1), \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d0\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1) \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1) \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8.<\/p>\n<p>XIX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 30-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5: \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10ef\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10e4\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0, \u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea.<\/p>\n<p>\u10de\u10e3\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e2\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10e6\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d5\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10ea\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 1847 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10de\u10e3\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10d0\u10e5 \u10d8\u10d0\u10e4\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d8\u10dc\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u201c\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u201d 1899 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10dd\u10d9\u10d6\u10d4, \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e9\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e9\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e6\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8 \u2013 \u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8. \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10d2\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10e3\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ed\u10e3\u10ed\u10e7\u10d8, \u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8. \u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 1885 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d1\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. 1885 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 23 \u10d8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1. \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e5\u10d0\u10d7\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10ec\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da \u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. 1892 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 25 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da \u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0 \u10de\u10e3\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 (\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4 \u10e0. \u10ee\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8), \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10de\u10e3\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0. \u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d0\u10da \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10de\u10dd\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 XIX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd. \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8-\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, XIX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10ed\u10e0\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>1824-1825 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8 (\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8). 1825 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10d1 \u10d6\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10db\u10d4 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10dd \u201c\u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u201d. 1838 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n<p>1830-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d8\u10e5, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d4\u10df\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10da\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0, \u10d0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0), \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10ea\u10db\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>1851 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8. \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc. 1878-1879 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8. 1921 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10d3\u10d4\u10de\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u2013 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 _ \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dd.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8-\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc, \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10e1. 1874 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10da\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, 1930-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10da\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea (1934 \u10ec.). 1956 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 21 \u10d0\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d5. \u10d8. \u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4\u10d2\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea 1991 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>2006 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 23 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e9\u10e3\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1). 27-\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 9 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d2 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10d6\u10d4\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0, 1829 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10de\u10e3\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 XIX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d8\u10d0. 1967 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>1991-1992 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4. \u10ec. \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. 1992 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10ea 1999 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 2 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 (\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5.) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7 (\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5. \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4). \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e3\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3. \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 2002 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10dd \u201c\u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u201d. 2017 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e6 \u201c\u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u201d \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 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