{"id":26332,"date":"2017-11-08T11:59:08","date_gmt":"2017-11-08T07:59:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/?p=26332"},"modified":"2017-11-08T11:59:08","modified_gmt":"2017-11-08T07:59:08","slug":"%e1%83%94%e1%83%a0%e1%83%97%e1%83%90%e1%83%93-%e1%83%90%e1%83%a6%e1%83%9b%e1%83%9d%e1%83%a1%e1%83%90%e1%83%95%e1%83%9a%e1%83%94%e1%83%97%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%9d%e1%83%9b%e1%83%94%e1%83%91-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/%e1%83%94%e1%83%a0%e1%83%97%e1%83%90%e1%83%93-%e1%83%90%e1%83%a6%e1%83%9b%e1%83%9d%e1%83%a1%e1%83%90%e1%83%95%e1%83%9a%e1%83%94%e1%83%97%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%9d%e1%83%9b%e1%83%94%e1%83%91-6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u10dd\u10db\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>1856 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ec\u10d0\u10d3\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10ef\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc-\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d6\u10e3\u10d2\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e5 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 2 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10dd \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10d9\u10d7\u10d0 3 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10db\u10d8. <strong>\u10e0\u10e3\u10ee\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10e9\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10db\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong> (1814-1902), \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 _ \u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10df\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, 1834 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10df\u10d4\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0, 1844 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 (1845 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1) \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. 1854 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da-\u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d8\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 (1877-1878) \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da-\u10da\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. 1880 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 50 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d6\u10d4, _ \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da-\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0-\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10ee\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e0\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 <strong>\u10da\u10d4\u10e9\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10db\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10eb\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong> (1818-1889) <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong><strong>;<\/strong> \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 1839 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10df\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8. 1842-1853 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, 1854 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da \u10d9\u10dd\u10d9\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0. \u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2. 1858 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10da-\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8. 1866 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da-\u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 (1877-1878). \u10d0\u10db \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5 \u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d4.\u10ec. \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 2 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10db\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10f0\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 <strong>\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 <strong>\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10dd\u10d3\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d6\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d9\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10d9\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0-\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 2 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d8\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e2\u10e7\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8 _ \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 2 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 4 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10db\u10d8. \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 <strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1855 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong> 25 <\/strong><strong>\u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0-\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10e5 \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0-\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0, \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10e2\u10e7\u10e3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0: \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10e0\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10da\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc \u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7. <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10de\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d6\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><strong>\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>25-26 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d4\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc-\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd, \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d7\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong><strong> _ <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10d8\u10db \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 <strong>\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4<\/strong> (1816-1882) \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e6\u10da\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 <strong>_ <\/strong><strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10eb\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0-\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. 1853 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e6\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10ec\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 (1853-1856), \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0-\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 <strong>\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, _ \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1, \u10da\u10d4\u10e9\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d6\u10e3\u10d2\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10df\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong><strong> _ <\/strong><strong>\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10db\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10f0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8. \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10da\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 <strong>\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0-\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10da \u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 (\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8) (1814-1901) \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4, \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da-\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4, \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u201c\u10d5\u10d4\u10e4\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e7\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u201d \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8&#8230; \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8. \u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5 \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc. \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0, 22 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u201c\u10e0\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 (\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0)\u201d \u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10ed\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e9\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u201c\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u201d 1863 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e6\u10da\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, <strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong><strong> V <\/strong><strong>\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 <strong>\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong> (\u10ef\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8, 1845 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1. \u10ef\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d6 I).<\/p>\n<p>\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 _ \u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e6\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u201c\u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10df\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u201d. \u10d8\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8; \u10d2\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10d5\u10d0\u10da \u10ed\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0. \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0. <strong>\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10d4\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 _ \u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd \u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d6\u10e3\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 700 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8, \u10d6\u10e3\u10d2\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 22 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10da \u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0-\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7. \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10ee\u10e8\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8; \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10de\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1855 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong> 12 <\/strong><strong>\u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e4<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong> 14 <\/strong><strong>\u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> \u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd. \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7, \u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0-\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e3\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d6\u10e3\u10d2\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 <strong>\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10ef\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10db<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1856 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4; \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10e1 \u201c\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u201d \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 <strong>\u10ec\u10db<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ef\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10dd. <strong>1856 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong> 18 <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>\u10e7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><strong>) <\/strong><strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0<\/strong><strong> 27 <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e0\u10e7\u10d0<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10e5\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10e3\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8 <strong>\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>: \u201c<\/strong><strong>\u10dd\u10db\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10dc\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. 1854 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><strong>. 1855 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10dc\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7, \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10da\u10e7\u10d4 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10e1, \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10dd, \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0-\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10da\u10e7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 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