{"id":22992,"date":"2017-06-15T13:42:17","date_gmt":"2017-06-15T09:42:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/?p=22992"},"modified":"2018-05-14T12:30:55","modified_gmt":"2018-05-14T08:30:55","slug":"%e1%83%a3%e1%83%aa%e1%83%ae%e1%83%9d%e1%83%94%e1%83%97%e1%83%a8%e1%83%98-%e1%83%a1%e1%83%90%e1%83%a5%e1%83%90%e1%83%a0%e1%83%97%e1%83%95%e1%83%94%e1%83%9a%e1%83%9d%e1%83%a1%e1%83%97%e1%83%95-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/%e1%83%a3%e1%83%aa%e1%83%ae%e1%83%9d%e1%83%94%e1%83%97%e1%83%a8%e1%83%98-%e1%83%a1%e1%83%90%e1%83%a5%e1%83%90%e1%83%a0%e1%83%97%e1%83%95%e1%83%94%e1%83%9a%e1%83%9d%e1%83%a1%e1%83%97%e1%83%95-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dc\u10d8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10db\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea<\/strong><strong>. XIX <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10e7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>1841 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10f0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10db\u10d0, \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10db\u10d0, \u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4 \u10d1\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10db, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 1837 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1. \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d5. \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7, <strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4<\/strong><strong> (1802-1880) <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10db\u10d0, \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u201c\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u201d \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10f0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1845 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10e9\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u201c\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u201d (\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea 1822 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0) \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10ed\u10d8\u10da \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10d7\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd 1969 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 21 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc _ \u10e8\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10e9\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d6\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0<\/strong><strong> 1841 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong><strong> \u201c<\/strong><strong>\u10d5\u10d4\u10e4\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e7\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong><strong>\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10f0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 XII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4 \u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, XIX \u10e1. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 _ \u10de\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0-\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 _ \u10d3\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1, \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1: \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ea\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10ed\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8), \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22996\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22996\" style=\"width: 350px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22996\" src=\"http:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/giorgi-yazbegi.jpg\" alt=\"\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\" width=\"350\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/giorgi-yazbegi.jpg 350w, https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/giorgi-yazbegi-193x300.jpg 193w, https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/giorgi-yazbegi-271x420.jpg 271w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22996\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10e1, \u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10e1, \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10e1 _ \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1, \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 _ \u10e1\u10e1\u10e0\u10d9 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10e1, \u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10d7\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 _ \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e1\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10eb\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1 (1818-1876), \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e3\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10e1, \u10e1\u10e1\u10e0\u10d9 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0-\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e1, \u10db. \u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e1 _ \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1. \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10da \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 (1874-1888) \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>1877-1878 \u10ec\u10ec. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8. \u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10db\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ef\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8, \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>1878 \u10ec. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10e1 153-\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1. \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>1891 \u10ec. \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da-\u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8. 1900 \u10ec. \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da-\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3. 1905 \u10ec. \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8. 1965 \u10ec. \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 (\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8) \u10ec\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3. \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 1867-68 \u10ec\u10ec. \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da-\u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u201c\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>1874 \u10ec. \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 _ \u10d0\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10ef\u10d8, \u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0, \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8\u201d (\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0) \u10d3\u10d0 \u201c\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 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\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u201c\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10da\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>XVIII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 30-80 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4 (\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10db\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d3\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0. \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc VI-\u10db \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10ed\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10d9 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 _ \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d7\u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7. \u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d0, \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e9\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10e3\u10e7\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 64 \u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d9. \u10d9\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d3, \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7. \u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 1736 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc VI \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4. \u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d3\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10e3\u10e0 \u10eb\u10d4\u10d2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>XIX <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10ed\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>\u10e9\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8<\/strong><strong>). <\/strong><strong>\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d0\u10d7\u10db\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8<\/strong><strong> (1801 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong><strong>), <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong> 1812 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong><strong> (1817 <\/strong><strong>\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong><strong>). <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d8<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10ed\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10db<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d8\u10da<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> (\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8) \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e2\u10d9\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10df\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd 1883 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 20 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10df\u10d8\u10dc\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10df\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0-\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 <strong>\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d6<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><strong> (1879-1950) <\/strong><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d1\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong><strong> _ <\/strong><strong>\u10d2\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10e0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10db\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d4, \u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8, 1756-1820) \u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8 \u10eb\u10db\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d6 \u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10dd\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0-\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10db\u10ef\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d8\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ed\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 (\u10e9\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5) \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 XIX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8, \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ef\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 (\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 VI-\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8) \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 II \u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 (XVIII \u10e1.) \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>XIX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>XVIII-XIX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d4\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 (\u10de\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd), \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc 5 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 28 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ec\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8, \u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 70 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 10-\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da (\u10e5. \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8, 1815 \u10ec.) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10da \u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d7\u10ee\u10d6\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u201c\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8\u201d; 1970 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e5. \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u201c\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8&#8230;\u201d \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da, \u10f0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u10db\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10eb\u10d4<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0<\/strong> <strong>\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10da\u10dd<\/strong> <strong>\u10db\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> 1819-1820 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc 7 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10d5\u10d0\u10df\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d4\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10de\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10de\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10f0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10ee\u10d6\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u201c\u10db\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u201d, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10d2. \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4. \u10d4. \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e9\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e9\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ed\u10d9\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 (1785), \u10d8\u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10de\u10e2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> <strong>\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 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XIX \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc. \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22995,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[762,36,1963],"class_list":["post-22992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","tag-762","tag-36","tag-1963"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22992"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22992\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32964,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22992\/revisions\/32964"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}