{"id":22291,"date":"2017-05-29T12:55:54","date_gmt":"2017-05-29T08:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/?p=22291"},"modified":"2017-05-29T12:57:32","modified_gmt":"2017-05-29T08:57:32","slug":"politicano-%e1%83%93%e1%83%98%e1%83%93%e1%83%98-%e1%83%91%e1%83%a0%e1%83%98%e1%83%a2%e1%83%90%e1%83%9c%e1%83%94%e1%83%97%e1%83%98-%e1%83%93%e1%83%90-%e1%83%90%e1%83%a8%e1%83%a8-%e1%83%9e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geworld.ge\/ge\/politicano-%e1%83%93%e1%83%98%e1%83%93%e1%83%98-%e1%83%91%e1%83%a0%e1%83%98%e1%83%a2%e1%83%90%e1%83%9c%e1%83%94%e1%83%97%e1%83%98-%e1%83%93%e1%83%90-%e1%83%90%e1%83%a8%e1%83%a8-%e1%83%9e\/","title":{"rendered":"Politicano: \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8 \u2013 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8, \u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 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\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10f0\u10d0 \u10ef\u10e3\u10dc \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u2013 Economics: The User\u2019s Guide, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 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\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1. 1770 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dd 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\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dd \u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 20 % (1860 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 46 % (1870 \u10ec \u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10d7) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 2.5 %-\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 15 %-\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 14 %-\u10e1, \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 19 %-\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d0\u10e8\u10e8 \u2013 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d8\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e9\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d6\u10e6\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10d8\u10e2-\u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 1766-1768 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10dd\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u2013 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0 \u10f0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 (\u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0 $10 \u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4).<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>1791 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10f0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u201e\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u201c \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10d8\u10d0, \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10f0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10de\u10d8.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u10f0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10df\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10d1\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 (\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8), \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d4\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 \u10f0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d2\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10e1\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10dd\u10d7 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10dd-\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 (1812-1816 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8) \u2013 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u2013 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10f0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10df\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e3\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10f0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10dd \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4-\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10db\u10d0, \u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e3\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 1804 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1. (\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e7\u10e3\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10eb\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc. \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10db\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4-\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ef\u10d8\u10da\u10d0).<br \/>\n1816 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>1830 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8-\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10ee\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10df\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e1\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10df\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da 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\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10db\u10d0. <strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u201e\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dc\u10d8\u201c, \u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e3\u10d1\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db 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\u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e8\u10e8, \u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 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\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10f0\u10d0 \u10ef\u10e3\u10dc \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u2013 Economics: The 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